Rambutan:
From
Wikipedia,
the
free
encyclopedia
Jump
to:
navigation,
search
This
article
is
about
the
tree.
For
the
cipher,
see
Rambutan
(cryptography).
The
Rambutan
(IPA:
[raˈmbu.t̪ɑn],
Nephelium
lappaceum)
is a
medium-sized
tropical
tree
in
the
family
Sapindaceae,
probably
native
to
southeast
Asia,
and
the
fruit
of
this
tree.
It
is
closely
related
to
several
other
edible
tropical
fruits
including
the
Lychee,
Longan
and
Mamoncillo.
It
is
believed
to
be
native
to
the
Malay
Archipelago
although
its
precise
natural
distribution
is
unknown.
In
Costa
Rica
and
Nicaragua,
it
is
known
as
mamón
chino.
Description
It
is
an
evergreen
tree
growing
to a
height
of
10-20
m
tall.
The
leaves
are
alternate,
10-30
cm
long,
pinnate,
with
3-11
leaflets,
each
leaflet
5-15
cm
long
and
3-10
cm
broad,
with
an
entire
margin.
The
flowers
are
small,
2.5-5
mm,
apetalous,
discoidal,
and
borne
in
erect
terminal
panicles
15-30
cm
long.
Rambutan
trees
are
either
male
(producing
only
staminate
flowers
and,
hence,
produce
no
fruit),
female
(producing
flowers
that
are
only
functionally
female),
or
hermaphroditic
(producing
flowers
that
are
female
with
a
small
percentage
of
male
flowers).
The
fruit
is a
round
to
oval
drupe
3-6
cm
(rarely
to 8
cm)
long
and
3-4
cm
broad,
borne
in a
loose
pendant
cluster
of
10-20
together.
The
leathery
skin
is
reddish
(rarely
orange
or
yellow),
and
covered
with
fleshy
pliable
spines,
hence
the
name
rambutan,
derived
from
the
Malay
word
rambut
which
means
hairs.
The
fruit
flesh
is
translucent,
whitish
or
very
pale
pink,
with
a
sweet,
mildly
acidic
flavour.
The
single
seed
is
glossy
brown,
2-3
cm
long,
with
a
white
basal
scar;
it
is
poisonous
and
should
not
be
eaten
with
the
fruit
flesh.
Production
Rambutan
cut
open.
It
is a
popular
garden
fruit
tree
and
propagated
commercially
in
small
orchards.
It
is
one
of
the
best
known
fruits
of
southeast
Asia
and
is
also
widely
cultivated
elsewhere
the
tropics
including
Africa,
Cambodia,
the
Caribbean
islands,
Central
America,
India,
Indonesia,
Malaysia,
the
Philippines,
and
Sri
Lanka.
Thailand
is
the
largest
producer.
Rambutan
production
is
increasing
in
Australia
and,
in
1997,
was
one
of
the
top
three
tropical
fruits
produced
in
Hawaii.
The
fruit
are
usually
sold
fresh,
used
in
making
jams
and
jellies,
or
canned.
Evergreen
Rambutan
trees
with
their
abundant
coloured
fruit
make
beautiful
landscape
specimens.
Cultivation
and
uses
Rambutan
is
adapted
to
warm
tropical
climates
and
is
sensitive
to
temperatures
below
10
°C,
and
is
grown
commercially
within
15°
of
the
equator.
The
trees
do
best
on
deep
soils
that
are
high
in
organic
matter
and
thrive
on
hilly
terrain
as
they
require
good
drainage.
Rambutan
is
propagated
by
grafting,
air-layering,
and
budding;
the
latter
is
most
common
as
trees
grown
from
seed
often
produce
sour
fruit.
Budded
trees
may
fruit
after
2-3
years
with
optimum
production
occurring
after
8-10
years.
Trees
grown
from
seed
bear
after
5-6
years.
The
aril
is
attached
to
the
seed
in
some
commercial
cultivars,
but
"freestone"
cultivars
are
available
and
in
high
demand.
There
is
usually
a
single
light
brown
seed
which
is
high
in
certain
fats
and
oils
(primarily
oleic
acid
and
eicosanoic
acid)
valuable
to
industry,
and
used
in
cooking
and
the
manufacture
of
soap.
Rambutan
roots,
bark,
and
leaves
have
various
uses
in
medicine
and
in
the
production
of
dyes.
Rambutan
trees
bear
twice
annually,
once
in
late
fall
and
early
winter
with
a
shorter
season
in
late
spring
and
early
summer.
The
fragile
nutritious
fruit
must
ripen
on
the
tree,
then
they
are
harvested
over
a
four
to
seven
week
period.
The
fresh
fruit
are
easily
bruised
and
have
a
limited
shelf
life.
An
average
tree
may
produce
5,000-6,000
or
more
fruit
(60-70
kg
or
130-155
lb
per
tree).
Yields
begin
at
1.2
tonnes
per
hectare
(0.5
tons/acre)
in
young
orchards
and
may
reach
20
tonnes
per
hectare
(8
tons
per
acre)
on
mature
trees.
In
Hawaii,
24
of
38
cultivated
hectares
(60
of
95
acres)
were
harvested
producing
120
tonnes
of
fruit
in
1997.
It
has
been
suggested
that
yields
could
be
increased
via
improved
orchard
management,
including
pollination,
and
by
planting
high
yielding
compact
cultivars.
Most
commercial
cultivars
are
hermaphroditic
(producing
flowers
that
are
female
with
a
small
percentage
of
male
flowers);
cultivars
that
produce
only
functionally
female
flowers
require
the
presence
of
male
trees.
Male
trees
are
seldom
found
as
vegetative
selection
has
favored
hermaphroditic
clones
that
produce
a
high
proportion
of
functionally
female
flowers
and
a
much
lower
number
of
flowers
that
produce
pollen.
There
are
over
3000
greenish-white
flowers
in
male
panicles,
each
with
5-7
anthers
and
a
non-functional
ovary.
Male
flowers
have
yellow
nectaries
and
5-7
stamens.
There
are
about
500
greenish-yellow
flowers
in
each
hermaphroditic
panicle.
Each
flower
has
six
anthers,
usually
a
bi-lobed
stigma,
and
one
ovule
in
each
of
its
two
sections
(locules).
The
flowers
are
receptive
for
about
one
day
but
may
persist
if
pollinators
are
excluded.
In
Malaysia,
rambutan
flowers
from
March
to
July
and
again
between
July
and
November,
usually
in
response
to
rain
following
a
dry
period.
Flowering
periods
differ
for
other
localities.
Most,
but
not
all,
flowers
open
early
in
the
day.
Up
to
100
flowers
in
each
female
panicle
may
be
open
each
day
during
peak
bloom.
Initial
fruit
set
may
approach
25%
but
a
high
level
of
abortion
contributes
to a
much
lower
level
of
production
at
harvest
(1
to
3%).
The
fruit
matures
15-18
weeks
after
flowering.
Both
male
and
female
flowers
are
faintly
sweet
scented
and
have
functional
nectaries
at
the
ovary
base.
Female
flowers
produce
2-3
times
more
nectar
than
male
flowers.
Nectar
sugar
concentration
ranges
between
18-47%
and
is
similar
between
the
flower
types.
Rambutan
is
an
important
nectar
source
for
bees
in
Malaysia.
Cross-pollination
is a
necessity
because
pollen
is
absent
in
most
functionally
female
flowers.
Although
apomixis
may
occur
in
some
cultivars,
research
has
shown
that
rambutan,
like
lychee,
is
dependent
upon
insects
for
pollination.
In
Malaysia,
where
only
about
one
percent
of
the
female
flowers
set
fruit,
research
revealed
that
no
fruit
is
set
on
bagged
flowers
while
hand
pollination
resulted
in
13
percent
fruit
set.
These
studies
further
suggest
that
pollinators
may
maintain
a
fidelity
to
either
male
or
hermaphroditic
flowers
(trees),
thus
limiting
pollination
and
fruit
set
under
natural
conditions
where
crossing
between
male
and
female
flowers
is
required.
Cultivars
There
are
well
over
200
cultivars
developed
from
selected
clones
available
throughout
tropical
Asia.
Most
of
the
cultivars
are
also
selected
for
compact
growth
reaching
a
height
of
only
3-5
m
for
easier
harvesting.
Some
seedling
trees
in
Nicaragua
are
nearly
50%
hermaphrodite.
The
seeds
were
given
by
representatives
from
a
World
Relief
/
European
Union
joint
team
in
2001
to
organizations
such
as
APAC
(Ascociación
Pueblos
en
Acción
Comunitaria)
to
distribute
the
seeds
to
more
than
100
farmers
throughout
Nicaragua.
Some
of
Nicaragua's
farmers
in
2005-2006
saw
the
first
production
of
Rambutan
from
their
trees.
Commercial
production
of
the
fruit
for
domestic
use
is
sought
in
the
country,
as
it
is
finding
favor
among
Nicaraguans,
but
it
will
be
several
years
before
growing
practices
and
distribution
of
the
fruits
are
perfected.
Other
than
seedling
trees,
the
only
known
commercial
cultivars
in
Nicaragua
are
R134,
R162
and
a
Yellow
Rambutan
that
lost
its
name
when
it
was
smuggled
from
Honduras
in
2004-2005
(Frankie,
J.
A.,
Winrock
International).
Pollination
Freshness....Sweet...
Aromatic
rambutan
flowers
are
highly
attractive
to
many
insects,
especially
bees.
Those
commonly
found
visiting
rambutan
flowers
include
bees
(Apis
spp.
and
Trigona
spp.),
butterflies,
and
flies
(Eristalis
sp.
and
Lucilia
sp.).
Apis
cerana
colonies
foraging
on
rambutan
flowers
produce
large
quantities
of
honey.
Bees
foraging
for
nectar
routinely
contact
the
stigmata
of
female
flowers
and
gather
significant
quantities
of
the
sticky
pollen
from
male
blossoms.
Little
pollen
has
been
seen
on
bees
foraging
female
flowers.
Although
male
flowers
open
at 6
am,
foraging
by
A.
cerana
is
most
intense
between
8 am
and
11
am,
tapering
off
rather
abruptly
thereafter.
In
Thailand,
A.
cerana
is
the
preferred
species
for
small
scale
pollination
of
rambutan.
Special
thanks
for
this
information:
Wikipedia
Our partner:::::::
scourer manufacturer
sponge cleaning
scourer foam supplier
scouring pad
scouring brush
household cleanercleaning supplier
stainless steel scourer
cleaner exporter
scourer sponge cleaning
foam supplier
MYFoam.co.th Scourer Supplier | 
